The TB-29 designation was given to B-29s converted for training purposes. These aircraft were used to train crew members and also served as radar targets to help develop intercept tactics for USAF continental defenses fighters in the early and mid-1950s.

The TB-29 designation was also used for B-29s modified for target towing. Two separate cable reel mechanisms were mounted in the bomb bay each controlling a cloth target deployed from the aft section of the aircraft.